윤혜준 (고려대학교 언어정보연구소). 2008. 독일어 파생 조어의 유형과 분류의 문제 - 파생과 합성의 경계 (A Problem for the type and classification of derivation in German - Boundary of derivation and composition ). Language Information. Volume 9. 45-68.
Word formation, the process or method which produces new word in languages is largely subdivided into compounding and derivation, and the classification of word-formation suggested by now is diagrammed as follows, according to two viewpoints on the derivation, namely, to the narrow definition and to the extensive definition of derivation.
(1) Word-formation model with the narrow definition of derivation
(2) Word-formation model with the extensive definition of derivation
Generally, affixation is regarded as a sub-type of derivation. However, in the German language, the prefixation, particularly, the prefixation of verbs is often treated as another type of word formation, on the same level with compounding and derivation.
The verbal prefixes in German are divided into 3 types, inseparable prefixes, separable prefixes and inseparable/separable prefixes, according to whether they are used separatedly from the verbs or not. Among them, separable prefixes and inseparable/separable prefixes have homophones of adverbs and prepositions, and are stressed when they are separatedly used from their verbs.
But it is not desirable for the prefixation of German verbs to create new sub-type of word-formation. Therefore, in this article, it is suggested that the prefixation must be classified into compounding or derivation, according to the factual meaning, syntactical character and accent of a individual prefix.
1) The combination with inseparable prefixes which have no corresponding homophones and no accent is derivation.
2) The combination with inseparable/separable prefixes which have no accent and are not used separatedly from verbs is derivation. In this case, the homophones are homonyms, not the same word.
3) The combination with separable prefixes which have accent and are used separatedly from verbs is a type of compounding.
Namely, the word-formation in German can be diagrammed as follows;
Keywords: word formation, derivation, separable prefix, inseparable prefix, prefixation, conversion